Summary

A vulnerability, present in the includeParams attribute of the URL and Anchor Tag, allows remote command execution

Problem

Both the s:url and s:a tag provide an includeParams attribute.

The main scope of that attribute is to understand whether includes http request parameter or not.

The allowed values of includeParams are:

1. none - include no parameters in the URL (default)
2. get - include only GET parameters in the URL
3. all - include both GET and POST parameters in the URL

A request that included a specially crafted request parameter could be used to inject arbitrary OGNL code into the stack, afterward used as request parameter of an URL or A tag , which will cause a further evaluation.

The second evaluation happens when the URL/A tag tries to resolve every parameters present in the original request.
This lets malicious users put arbitrary OGNL statements into any request parameter (not necessarily managed by the code) and have it evaluated as an OGNL expression to enable method execution and execute arbitrary methods, bypassing Struts and OGNL library protections.

Proof of concept

1. Open HelloWorld.jsp present in the Struts Blank App and add to one of the url/a tag the following parameter:

    includeParams="all"
   

   Such that the line will be something look like this:

   <s:url id="url" action="HelloWorld" includeParams="all">
   

   (it works also with includeParams="get").
2. Run struts2-blank app
3. Open the url: http://localhost:8080/example/HelloWorld.action?fakeParam=%25%7B(%23_memberAccess%5B'allowStaticMethodAccess'%5D%3Dtrue)(%23context%5B'xwork.MethodAccessor.denyMethodExecution'%5D%3Dfalse)(%23writer%3D%40org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext%40getResponse().getWriter()%2C%23writer.println('hacked')%2C%23writer.close())%7D
   (this is the shortened version http://goo.gl/lhlTl)

As you will notice, in this case, there is no way to escape/sanitize the fakeParam, since it's not an expected parameter.

Solution

The OGNLUtil class was changed to deny eval expressions by default.

<constant name="struts.ognl.enableOGNLEvalExpression" value="true" />