Chapter 17 Replication

auto_increment_increment

auto_increment_increment and auto_increment_offset are intended for use with master-to-master replication, and can be used to control the operation of AUTO_INCREMENT columns. Both variables have global and session values, and each can assume an integer value between 1 and 65,535 inclusive. Setting the value of either of these two variables to 0 causes its value to be set to 1 instead. Attempting to set the value of either of these two variables to an integer greater than 65,535 or less than 0 causes its value to be set to 65,535 instead. Attempting to set the value of auto_increment_increment or auto_increment_offset to a noninteger value gives rise to an error, and the actual value of the variable remains unchanged.

These two variables affect AUTO_INCREMENT column behavior as follows:

Should one or both of these variables be changed and then new rows inserted into a table containing an AUTO_INCREMENT column, the results may seem counterintuitive because the series of AUTO_INCREMENT values is calculated without regard to any values already present in the column, and the next value inserted is the least value in the series that is greater than the maximum existing value in the AUTO_INCREMENT column. In other words, the series is calculated like so:

auto_increment_offset + N × auto_increment_increment

where N is a positive integer value in the series [1, 2, 3, ...]. For example:

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'auto_inc%';
+--------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name            | Value |
+--------------------------+-------+
| auto_increment_increment | 10    |
| auto_increment_offset    | 5     |
+--------------------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT col FROM autoinc1;
+-----+
| col |
+-----+
|   1 |
|  11 |
|  21 |
|  31 |
+-----+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO autoinc1 VALUES (NULL), (NULL), (NULL), (NULL);
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 4  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

mysql> SELECT col FROM autoinc1;
+-----+
| col |
+-----+
|   1 |
|  11 |
|  21 |
|  31 |
|  35 |
|  45 |
|  55 |
|  65 |
+-----+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

The values shown for auto_increment_increment and auto_increment_offset generate the series 5 + N × 10, that is, [5, 15, 25, 35, 45, ...]. The greatest value present in the col column prior to the INSERT is 31, and the next available value in the AUTO_INCREMENT series is 35, so the inserted values for col begin at that point and the results are as shown for the SELECT query.

It is not possible to confine the effects of these two variables to a single table, and thus they do not take the place of the sequences offered by some other database management systems; these variables control the behavior of all AUTO_INCREMENT columns in all tables on the MySQL server. If the global value of either variable is set, its effects persist until the global value is changed or overridden by setting the session value, or until mysqld is restarted. If the local value is set, the new value affects AUTO_INCREMENT columns for all tables into which new rows are inserted by the current user for the duration of the session, unless the values are changed during that session.

The default value of auto_increment_increment is 1. See Section 17.4.1.1, “Replication and AUTO_INCREMENT”.

auto_increment_offset

This variable has a default value of 1. For particulars, see the description for auto_increment_increment.

--abort-slave-event-count

When this option is set to some positive integer value other than 0 (the default) it affects replication behavior as follows: After the slave SQL thread has started, value log events are permitted to be executed; after that, the slave SQL thread does not receive any more events, just as if the network connection from the master were cut. The slave thread continues to run, and the output from SHOW SLAVE STATUS displays Yes in both the Slave_IO_Running and the Slave_SQL_Running columns, but no further events are read from the relay log.

This option is used internally by the MySQL test suite for replication testing and debugging. It is not intended for use in a production setting.

--disconnect-slave-event-count

This option is used internally by the MySQL test suite for replication testing and debugging.

--log-slave-updates

Normally, a slave does not log to its own binary log any updates that are received from a master server. This option tells the slave to log the updates performed by its SQL thread to its own binary log. For this option to have any effect, the slave must also be started with the --log-bin option to enable binary logging. Prior to MySQL 5.5, the server would not start when using the --log-slave-updates option without also starting the server with the --log-bin option, and would fail with an error; in MySQL 5.5, only a warning is generated. (Bug #44663) --log-slave-updates is used when you want to chain replication servers. For example, you might want to set up replication servers using this arrangement:

A -> B -> C

Here, A serves as the master for the slave B, and B serves as the master for the slave C. For this to work, B must be both a master and a slave. You must start both A and B with --log-bin to enable binary logging, and B with the --log-slave-updates option so that updates received from A are logged by B to its binary log.

--log-slow-slave-statements

When the slow query log is enabled, this option enables logging for queries that have taken more than long_query_time seconds to execute on the slave.

--log-warnings[=level]

This option causes a server to print more messages to the error log about what it is doing. With respect to replication, the server generates warnings that it succeeded in reconnecting after a network/connection failure, and informs you as to how each slave thread started. This option is enabled (1) by default; to disable it, use --log-warnings=0. If the value is greater than 1, aborted connections are written to the error log, and access-denied errors for new connection attempts are written. See Section B.5.2.11, “Communication Errors and Aborted Connections”.

Note that the effects of this option are not limited to replication. It produces warnings across a spectrum of server activities.

--master-info-file=file_name

The name to use for the file in which the slave records information about the master. The default name is master.info in the data directory. For information about the format of this file, see Section 17.2.2.2, “Slave Status Logs”.

--master-retry-count=count

The number of times that the slave tries to connect to the master before giving up. Reconnects are attempted at intervals set by the MASTER_CONNECT_RETRY option of the CHANGE MASTER TO statement (default 60). Reconnects are triggered when data reads by the slave time out according to the --slave-net-timeout option. The default value is 86400. A value of 0 means “infinite”; the slave attempts to connect forever.

slave-max-allowed-packet=bytes

In MySQL 5.5.26 and later, this option sets the maximum packet size in bytes for the slave SQL and I/O threads, so that large updates using row-based replication do not cause replication to fail because an update exceeded max_allowed_packet. (Bug #12400221, Bug #60926)

The corresponding server variable slave_max_allowed_packet always has a value that is a positive integer multiple of 1024; if you set it to some value that is not such a multiple, the value is automatically rounded down to the next highest multiple of 1024. (For example, if you start the server with --slave-max-allowed-packet=10000, the value used is 9216; setting 0 as the value causes 1024 to be used.) A truncation warning is issued in such cases.

The maximum (and default) value is 1073741824 (1 GB); the minimum is 1024.

--max-relay-log-size=size

The size at which the server rotates relay log files automatically. If this value is nonzero, the relay log is rotated automatically when its size exceeds this value. If this value is zero (the default), the size at which relay log rotation occurs is determined by the value of max_binlog_size. For more information, see Section 17.2.2.1, “The Slave Relay Log”.

--relay-log=file_name

The base name for the relay log. The default base name is host_name-relay-bin. The server writes the file in the data directory unless the base name is given with a leading absolute path name to specify a different directory. The server creates relay log files in sequence by adding a numeric suffix to the base name.

Due to the manner in which MySQL parses server options, if you specify this option, you must supply a value; the default base name is used only if the option is not actually specified. If you use the --relay-log option without specifying a value, unexpected behavior is likely to result; this behavior depends on the other options used, the order in which they are specified, and whether they are specified on the command line or in an option file. For more information about how MySQL handles server options, see Section 4.2.3, “Specifying Program Options”.

If you specify this option, the value specified is also used as the base name for the relay log index file. You can override this behavior by specifying a different relay log index file base name using the --relay-log-index option.

Starting with MySQL 5.5.20, when the server reads an entry from the index file, it checks whether the entry contains a relative path. If it does, the relative part of the path in replaced with the absolute path set using the --relay-log option. An absolute path remains unchanged; in such a case, the index must be edited manually to enable the new path or paths to be used. Prior to MySQL 5.5.20, manual intervention was required whenever relocating the binary log or relay log files. (Bug #11745230, Bug #12133)

You may find the --relay-log option useful in performing the following tasks:

--relay-log-index=file_name

The name to use for the relay log index file. The default name is host_name-relay-bin.index in the data directory, where host_name is the name of the slave server.

Due to the manner in which MySQL parses server options, if you specify this option, you must supply a value; the default base name is used only if the option is not actually specified. If you use the --relay-log-index option without specifying a value, unexpected behavior is likely to result; this behavior depends on the other options used, the order in which they are specified, and whether they are specified on the command line or in an option file. For more information about how MySQL handles server options, see Section 4.2.3, “Specifying Program Options”.

If you specify this option, the value specified is also used as the base name for the relay logs. You can override this behavior by specifying a different relay log file base name using the --relay-log option.

--relay-log-info-file=file_name

The name to use for the file in which the slave records information about the relay logs. The default name is relay-log.info in the data directory. For information about the format of this file, see Section 17.2.2.2, “Slave Status Logs”.

--relay-log-purge={0|1}

Disable or enable automatic purging of relay logs as soon as they are no longer needed. The default value is 1 (enabled). This is a global variable that can be changed dynamically with SET GLOBAL relay_log_purge = N.

--relay-log-recovery={0|1}

Enables automatic relay log recovery immediately following server startup, which means that the replication slave discards all unprocessed relay logs and retrieves them from the replication master. This should be used following a crash on the replication slave to ensure that no possibly corrupted relay logs are processed. The default value is 0 (disabled).

--relay-log-space-limit=size

This option places an upper limit on the total size in bytes of all relay logs on the slave. A value of 0 means “no limit.” This is useful for a slave server host that has limited disk space. When the limit is reached, the I/O thread stops reading binary log events from the master server until the SQL thread has caught up and deleted some unused relay logs. Note that this limit is not absolute: There are cases where the SQL thread needs more events before it can delete relay logs. In that case, the I/O thread exceeds the limit until it becomes possible for the SQL thread to delete some relay logs because not doing so would cause a deadlock. You should not set --relay-log-space-limit to less than twice the value of --max-relay-log-size (or --max-binlog-size if --max-relay-log-size is 0). In that case, there is a chance that the I/O thread waits for free space because --relay-log-space-limit is exceeded, but the SQL thread has no relay log to purge and is unable to satisfy the I/O thread. This forces the I/O thread to ignore --relay-log-space-limit temporarily.

--replicate-do-db=db_name

The effects of this option depend on whether statement-based or row-based replication is in use.

Statement-based replication.  Tell the slave SQL thread to restrict replication to statements where the default database (that is, the one selected by USE) is db_name. To specify more than one database, use this option multiple times, once for each database; however, doing so does not replicate cross-database statements such as UPDATE some_db.some_table SET foo='bar' while a different database (or no database) is selected.

An example of what does not work as you might expect when using statement-based replication: If the slave is started with --replicate-do-db=sales and you issue the following statements on the master, the UPDATE statement is not replicated:

USE prices;
UPDATE sales.january SET amount=amount+1000;

The main reason for this “check just the default database” behavior is that it is difficult from the statement alone to know whether it should be replicated (for example, if you are using multiple-table DELETE statements or multiple-table UPDATE statements that act across multiple databases). It is also faster to check only the default database rather than all databases if there is no need.

Row-based replication.  Tells the slave SQL thread to restrict replication to database db_name. Only tables belonging to db_name are changed; the current database has no effect on this. Suppose that the slave is started with --replicate-do-db=sales and row-based replication is in effect, and then the following statements are run on the master:

USE prices;
UPDATE sales.february SET amount=amount+100;

The february table in the sales database on the slave is changed in accordance with the UPDATE statement; this occurs whether or not the USE statement was issued. However, issuing the following statements on the master has no effect on the slave when using row-based replication and --replicate-do-db=sales:

USE prices;
UPDATE prices.march SET amount=amount-25;

Even if the statement USE prices were changed to USE sales, the UPDATE statement's effects would still not be replicated.

Another important difference in how --replicate-do-db is handled in statement-based replication as opposed to row-based replication occurs with regard to statements that refer to multiple databases. Suppose that the slave is started with --replicate-do-db=db1, and the following statements are executed on the master:

USE db1;
UPDATE db1.table1 SET col1 = 10, db2.table2 SET col2 = 20;

If you are using statement-based replication, then both tables are updated on the slave. However, when using row-based replication, only table1 is affected on the slave; since table2 is in a different database, table2 on the slave is not changed by the UPDATE. Now suppose that, instead of the USE db1 statement, a USE db4 statement had been used:

USE db4;
UPDATE db1.table1 SET col1 = 10, db2.table2 SET col2 = 20;

In this case, the UPDATE statement would have no effect on the slave when using statement-based replication. However, if you are using row-based replication, the UPDATE would change table1 on the slave, but not table2—in other words, only tables in the database named by --replicate-do-db are changed, and the choice of default database has no effect on this behavior.

If you need cross-database updates to work, use --replicate-wild-do-table=db_name.% instead. See Section 17.2.3, “How Servers Evaluate Replication Filtering Rules”.

--replicate-ignore-db=db_name

As with --replicate-do-db, the effects of this option depend on whether statement-based or row-based replication is in use.

Statement-based replication.  Tells the slave SQL thread not to replicate any statement where the default database (that is, the one selected by USE) is db_name.

Row-based replication.  Tells the slave SQL thread not to update any tables in the database db_name. The default database has no effect.

When using statement-based replication, the following example does not work as you might expect. Suppose that the slave is started with --replicate-ignore-db=sales and you issue the following statements on the master:

USE prices;
UPDATE sales.january SET amount=amount+1000;

The UPDATE statement is replicated in such a case because --replicate-ignore-db applies only to the default database (determined by the USE statement). Because the sales database was specified explicitly in the statement, the statement has not been filtered. However, when using row-based replication, the UPDATE statement's effects are not propagated to the slave, and the slave's copy of the sales.january table is unchanged; in this instance, --replicate-ignore-db=sales causes all changes made to tables in the master's copy of the sales database to be ignored by the slave.

To specify more than one database to ignore, use this option multiple times, once for each database. Because database names can contain commas, if you supply a comma separated list then the list will be treated as the name of a single database.

You should not use this option if you are using cross-database updates and you do not want these updates to be replicated. See Section 17.2.3, “How Servers Evaluate Replication Filtering Rules”.

If you need cross-database updates to work, use --replicate-wild-ignore-table=db_name.% instead. See Section 17.2.3, “How Servers Evaluate Replication Filtering Rules”.

--replicate-do-table=db_name.tbl_name

Tells the slave SQL thread to restrict replication to the specified table. To specify more than one table, use this option multiple times, once for each table. This works for both cross-database updates and default database updates, in contrast to --replicate-do-db. See Section 17.2.3, “How Servers Evaluate Replication Filtering Rules”.

This option affects only statements that apply to tables. It does not affect statements that apply only to other database objects, such as stored routines. To filter statements operating on stored routines, use one or more of the --replicate-*-db options.

--replicate-ignore-table=db_name.tbl_name

Tells the slave SQL thread not to replicate any statement that updates the specified table, even if any other tables might be updated by the same statement. To specify more than one table to ignore, use this option multiple times, once for each table. This works for cross-database updates, in contrast to --replicate-ignore-db. See Section 17.2.3, “How Servers Evaluate Replication Filtering Rules”.

This option affects only statements that apply to tables. It does not affect statements that apply only to other database objects, such as stored routines. To filter statements operating on stored routines, use one or more of the --replicate-*-db options.

--replicate-rewrite-db=from_name->to_name

Tells the slave to translate the default database (that is, the one selected by USE) to to_name if it was from_name on the master. Only statements involving tables are affected (not statements such as CREATE DATABASE, DROP DATABASE, and ALTER DATABASE), and only if from_name is the default database on the master. To specify multiple rewrites, use this option multiple times. The server uses the first one with a from_name value that matches. The database name translation is done before the --replicate-* rules are tested.

Statements in which table names are qualified with database names when using this option do not work with table-level replication filtering options such as --replicate-do-table. Suppose we have a database named a on the master, one named b on the slave, each containing a table t, and have started the master with --replicate-rewrite-db='a->b'. At a later point in time, we execute DELETE FROM a.t. In this case, no relevant filtering rule works, for the reasons shown here:

Similarly, the --replication-rewrite-db option does not work with cross-database updates.

If you use this option on the command line and the “>” character is special to your command interpreter, quote the option value. For example:

shell> mysqld --replicate-rewrite-db="olddb->newdb"

--replicate-same-server-id

To be used on slave servers. Usually you should use the default setting of 0, to prevent infinite loops caused by circular replication. If set to 1, the slave does not skip events having its own server ID. Normally, this is useful only in rare configurations. Cannot be set to 1 if --log-slave-updates is used. By default, the slave I/O thread does not write binary log events to the relay log if they have the slave's server ID (this optimization helps save disk usage). If you want to use --replicate-same-server-id, be sure to start the slave with this option before you make the slave read its own events that you want the slave SQL thread to execute.

--replicate-wild-do-table=db_name.tbl_name

Tells the slave thread to restrict replication to statements where any of the updated tables match the specified database and table name patterns. Patterns can contain the “%” and “_” wildcard characters, which have the same meaning as for the LIKE pattern-matching operator. To specify more than one table, use this option multiple times, once for each table. This works for cross-database updates. See Section 17.2.3, “How Servers Evaluate Replication Filtering Rules”.

This option applies to tables, views, and triggers. It does not apply to stored procedures and functions, or events. To filter statements operating on the latter objects, use one or more of the --replicate-*-db options.

Example: --replicate-wild-do-table=foo%.bar% replicates only updates that use a table where the database name starts with foo and the table name starts with bar.

If the table name pattern is %, it matches any table name and the option also applies to database-level statements (CREATE DATABASE, DROP DATABASE, and ALTER DATABASE). For example, if you use --replicate-wild-do-table=foo%.%, database-level statements are replicated if the database name matches the pattern foo%.

To include literal wildcard characters in the database or table name patterns, escape them with a backslash. For example, to replicate all tables of a database that is named my_own%db, but not replicate tables from the my1ownAABCdb database, you should escape the “_” and “%” characters like this: --replicate-wild-do-table=my\_own\%db. If you use the option on the command line, you might need to double the backslashes or quote the option value, depending on your command interpreter. For example, with the bash shell, you would need to type --replicate-wild-do-table=my\\_own\\%db.

--replicate-wild-ignore-table=db_name.tbl_name

Tells the slave thread not to replicate a statement where any table matches the given wildcard pattern. To specify more than one table to ignore, use this option multiple times, once for each table. This works for cross-database updates. See Section 17.2.3, “How Servers Evaluate Replication Filtering Rules”.

Example: --replicate-wild-ignore-table=foo%.bar% does not replicate updates that use a table where the database name starts with foo and the table name starts with bar.

For information about how matching works, see the description of the --replicate-wild-do-table option. The rules for including literal wildcard characters in the option value are the same as for --replicate-wild-ignore-table as well.

--report-host=host_name

The host name or IP address of the slave to be reported to the master during slave registration. This value appears in the output of SHOW SLAVE HOSTS on the master server. Leave the value unset if you do not want the slave to register itself with the master. Note that it is not sufficient for the master to simply read the IP address of the slave from the TCP/IP socket after the slave connects. Due to NAT and other routing issues, that IP may not be valid for connecting to the slave from the master or other hosts.

--report-password=password

The account password of the slave to be reported to the master during slave registration. This value appears in the output of SHOW SLAVE HOSTS on the master server if the --show-slave-auth-info option is given.

Although the name of this option might imply otherwise, --report-password is not connected to the MySQL user privilege system and so is not necessarily (or even likely to be) the same as the password for the MySQL replication user account.

--report-port=slave_port_num

The TCP/IP port number for connecting to the slave, to be reported to the master during slave registration. Set this only if the slave is listening on a nondefault port or if you have a special tunnel from the master or other clients to the slave. If you are not sure, do not use this option.

Prior to MySQL 5.5.23, the default value for this option was 3306. In MySQL 5.5.23 and later, the value shown is the port number actually used by the slave (Bug #13333431). This change also affects the default value displayed by SHOW SLAVE HOSTS.

--report-user=user_name

The account user name of the slave to be reported to the master during slave registration. This value appears in the output of SHOW SLAVE HOSTS on the master server if the --show-slave-auth-info option is given.

Although the name of this option might imply otherwise, --report-user is not connected to the MySQL user privilege system and so is not necessarily (or even likely to be) the same as the name of the MySQL replication user account.

--show-slave-auth-info

Display slave user names and passwords in the output of SHOW SLAVE HOSTS on the master server for slaves started with the --report-user and --report-password options.

--skip-slave-start

Tells the slave server not to start the slave threads when the server starts. To start the threads later, use a START SLAVE statement.

--slave_compressed_protocol={0|1}

If this option is set to 1, use compression for the slave/master protocol if both the slave and the master support it. The default is 0 (no compression).

--slave-load-tmpdir=dir_name

The name of the directory where the slave creates temporary files. This option is by default equal to the value of the tmpdir system variable. When the slave SQL thread replicates a LOAD DATA INFILE statement, it extracts the file to be loaded from the relay log into temporary files, and then loads these into the table. If the file loaded on the master is huge, the temporary files on the slave are huge, too. Therefore, it might be advisable to use this option to tell the slave to put temporary files in a directory located in some file system that has a lot of available space. In that case, the relay logs are huge as well, so you might also want to use the --relay-log option to place the relay logs in that file system.

The directory specified by this option should be located in a disk-based file system (not a memory-based file system) because the temporary files used to replicate LOAD DATA INFILE must survive machine restarts. The directory also should not be one that is cleared by the operating system during the system startup process.

--slave-net-timeout=seconds

The number of seconds to wait for more data from the master before the slave considers the connection broken, aborts the read, and tries to reconnect. The first retry occurs immediately after the timeout. The interval between retries is controlled by the MASTER_CONNECT_RETRY option for the CHANGE MASTER TO statement, and the number of reconnection attempts is limited by the --master-retry-count option. The default is 3600 seconds (one hour).

--slave-skip-errors=[err_code1,err_code2,...|all]

(MySQL Cluster NDB 7.2.6 and later:) --slave-skip-errors=[err_code1,err_code2,...|all|ddl_exist_errors]

Normally, replication stops when an error occurs on the slave. This gives you the opportunity to resolve the inconsistency in the data manually. This option tells the slave SQL thread to continue replication when a statement returns any of the errors listed in the option value.

Do not use this option unless you fully understand why you are getting errors. If there are no bugs in your replication setup and client programs, and no bugs in MySQL itself, an error that stops replication should never occur. Indiscriminate use of this option results in slaves becoming hopelessly out of synchrony with the master, with you having no idea why this has occurred.

For error codes, you should use the numbers provided by the error message in your slave error log and in the output of SHOW SLAVE STATUS. Appendix B, Errors, Error Codes, and Common Problems, lists server error codes.

You can also (but should not) use the very nonrecommended value of all to cause the slave to ignore all error messages and keeps going regardless of what happens. Needless to say, if you use all, there are no guarantees regarding the integrity of your data. Please do not complain (or file bug reports) in this case if the slave's data is not anywhere close to what it is on the master. You have been warned.

MySQL Cluster NDB 7.2.6 and later support an additional shorthand value ddl_exist_errors for use with the enhanced failover mechanism which is implemented beginning with that version of MySQL Cluster. This value is equivalent to the error code list 1007,1008,1050,1051,1054,1060,1061,1068,1094,1146. This value is not supported by the mysqld binary included with the MySQL Server 5.5 distribution. (Bug #11762277, Bug #54854) For more information, see Section 18.6.8, “Implementing Failover with MySQL Cluster Replication”.

Examples:

--slave-skip-errors=1062,1053
--slave-skip-errors=all
--slave-skip-errors=ddl_exist_errors

--master-host

--master-user

--master-password

--master-port

--master-connect-retry

--master-ssl

--master-ssl-ca

--master-ssl-capath

--master-ssl-cert

--master-ssl-cipher

--master-ssl-key

init_slave

This variable is similar to init_connect, but is a string to be executed by a slave server each time the SQL thread starts. The format of the string is the same as for the init_connect variable.

relay_log

The name of the relay log file.

relay_log_index

The name of the relay log index file. The default name is host_name-relay-bin.index in the data directory, where host_name is the name of the slave server.

relay_log_info_file

The name of the file in which the slave records information about the relay logs. The default name is relay-log.info in the data directory.

relay_log_recovery

Enables automatic relay log recovery immediately following server startup, which means that the replication slave discards all unprocessed relay logs and retrieves them from the replication master. This should be used following a crash on the replication slave to ensure that no possibly corrupted relay logs are processed. The default value is 0 (disabled). This global variable can be changed dynamically, or by starting the slave with the --relay-log-recovery option.

rpl_recovery_rank

This variable is unused, and is removed in MySQL 5.6.

slave_compressed_protocol

Whether to use compression of the slave/master protocol if both the slave and the master support it.

slave_exec_mode

Controls how a slave thread resolves conflicts and errors during replication. IDEMPOTENT mode causes suppression of duplicate-key and no-key-found errors. This mode should be employed in multi-master replication, circular replication, and some other special replication scenarios. STRICT mode is the default, and is suitable for most other cases.

This mode is needed for multi-master replication, circular replication, and some other special replication scenarios for MySQL Cluster Replication. (See Section 18.6.10, “MySQL Cluster Replication: Multi-Master and Circular Replication”, and Section 18.6.11, “MySQL Cluster Replication Conflict Resolution”, for more information.) The mysqld supplied with MySQL Cluster ignores any value explicitly set for slave_exec_mode, and always treats it as IDEMPOTENT.

In MySQL Server 5.5, STRICT mode is the default value. This should not be changed; currently, IDEMPOTENT mode is supported only by NDB.

slave_load_tmpdir

The name of the directory where the slave creates temporary files for replicating LOAD DATA INFILE statements.

slave_max_allowed_packet

In MySQL 5.5.26 and later, this variable sets the maximum packet size for the slave SQL and I/O threads, so that large updates using row-based replication do not cause replication to fail because an update exceeded max_allowed_packet.

This global variable always has a value that is a positive integer multiple of 1024; if you set it to some value that is not, the value is rounded down to the next highest multiple of 1024 for it is stored or used; setting slave_max_allowed_packet to 0 causes 1024 to be used. (A truncation warning is issued in all such cases.) The default and maximum value is 1073741824 (1 GB); the minimum is 1024.

slave_max_allowed_packet can also be set at startup, using the --slave-max-allowed-packet option.

slave_net_timeout

The number of seconds to wait for more data from a master/slave connection before aborting the read.

slave_skip_errors

Normally, replication stops when an error occurs on the slave. This gives you the opportunity to resolve the inconsistency in the data manually. This variable tells the slave SQL thread to continue replication when a statement returns any of the errors listed in the variable value.

slave_transaction_retries

If a replication slave SQL thread fails to execute a transaction because of an InnoDB deadlock or because the transaction's execution time exceeded InnoDB's innodb_lock_wait_timeout or NDBCLUSTER's TransactionDeadlockDetectionTimeout or TransactionInactiveTimeout, it automatically retries slave_transaction_retries times before stopping with an error. The default value is 10.

slave_type_conversions

Controls the type conversion mode in effect on the slave when using row-based replication, including MySQL Cluster Replication. Its value is a comma-delimited set of zero or more elements from the list: ALL_LOSSY, ALL_NON_LOSSY. Set this variable to an empty string to disallow type conversions between the master and the slave. Changes require a restart of the slave to take effect.

For additional information on type conversion modes applicable to attribute promotion and demotion in row-based replication, see Row-based replication: attribute promotion and demotion.

This variable was added in MySQL 5.5.3.

sql_slave_skip_counter

The number of events from the master that a slave server should skip.

sync_master_info

If the value of this variable is greater than 0, a replication slave synchronizes its master.info file to disk (using fdatasync()) after every sync_master_info events. The default value is 0 (recommended in most situations), which does not force any synchronization to disk by the MySQL server; in this case, the server relies on the operating system to flush the master.info file's contents from time to time as for any other file.

sync_relay_log

If the value of this variable is greater than 0, the MySQL server synchronizes its relay log to disk (using fdatasync()) after every sync_relay_log events are written to the relay log.

The default value of sync_relay_log is 0, which does no synchronizing to disk; in this case, the server relies on the operating system to flush the relay log's contents from time to time as for any other file.

A value of 1 is the safest choice because in the event of a crash you lose at most one event from the relay log. However, it is also the slowest choice (unless the disk has a battery-backed cache, which makes synchronization very fast).

sync_relay_log_info

If the value of this variable is greater than 0, a replication slave synchronizes its relay-log.info file to disk (using fdatasync()) after every sync_relay_log_info transactions. A value of 1 is the generally the best choice. The default value of sync_relay_log_info is 0, which does not force any synchronization to disk by the MySQL server—in this case, the server relies on the operating system to flush the relay-log.info file's contents from time to time as for any other file.

--binlog-row-event-max-size=N

Specify the maximum size of a row-based binary log event, in bytes. Rows are grouped into events smaller than this size if possible. The value should be a multiple of 256. The default is 1024. See Section 17.1.2, “Replication Formats”.

--log-bin[=base_name]

Enable binary logging. The server logs all statements that change data to the binary log, which is used for backup and replication. See Section 5.4.4, “The Binary Log”.

The option value, if given, is the base name for the log sequence. The server creates binary log files in sequence by adding a numeric suffix to the base name. It is recommended that you specify a base name (see Section B.5.7, “Known Issues in MySQL”, for the reason). Otherwise, MySQL uses host_name-bin as the base name.

In MySQL 5.5.20 and later, when the server reads an entry from the index file, it checks whether the entry contains a relative path, and if it does, the relative part of the path is replaced with the absolute path set using the --log-bin option. An absolute path remains unchanged; in such a case, the index must be edited manually to enable the new path or paths to be used. Previous to MySQL 5.5.20, manual intervention was required whenever relocating the binary log or relay log files. (Bug #11745230, Bug #12133)

Setting this option causes the log_bin system variable to be set to ON (or 1), and not to the base name. This is a known issue; see Bug #19614 for more information.

--log-bin-index[=file_name]

The index file for binary log file names. See Section 5.4.4, “The Binary Log”. If you omit the file name, and if you did not specify one with --log-bin, MySQL uses host_name-bin.index as the file name.

--log-bin-trust-function-creators[={0|1}]

This option sets the corresponding log_bin_trust_function_creators system variable. If no argument is given, the option sets the variable to 1. log_bin_trust_function_creators affects how MySQL enforces restrictions on stored function and trigger creation. See Section 20.7, “Binary Logging of Stored Programs”.

--log-bin-use-v1-row-events[={0|1}]

Version 2 binary log row events are used by default beginning with MySQL Cluster NDB 7.2.1; however, Version 2 events cannot be read by previous MySQL Cluster releases. Setting --log-bin-use-v1-row-events to 1 causes mysqld to write the binary log using Version 1 logging events, which is the only version of binary log events used in previous releases, and thus produce binary logs that can be read by older slaves.