PrintWriter (Java Platform SE 7 b138)

java.lang.Object
- java.io.Writer
- - java.io.PrintWriter

All Implemented Interfaces:

Closeable, Flushable, Appendable, AutoCloseable
```
public class PrintWriter
extends Writer
```
Prints formatted representations of objects to a text-output stream. This class implements all of the print methods found in PrintStream. It does not contain methods for writing raw bytes, for which a program should use unencoded byte streams.
Unlike the PrintStream class, if automatic flushing is enabled it will be done only when one of the println, printf, or format methods is invoked, rather than whenever a newline character happens to be output. These methods use the platform's own notion of line separator rather than the newline character.
Methods in this class never throw I/O exceptions, although some of its constructors may. The client may inquire as to whether any errors have occurred by invoking checkError().

Since:

JDK1.1

Field Summary

Fields
Modifier and Type Field and Description

protected Writer out
The underlying character-output stream of this PrintWriter.
- Fields inherited from class java.io.Writer
  lock

Fields
Modifier and Type	Field and Description
`protected Writer`	`out` The underlying character-output stream of this `PrintWriter`.

Constructor Summary

Constructors
Constructor and Description
`PrintWriter(File file)` Creates a new PrintWriter, without automatic line flushing, with the specified file.
`PrintWriter(File file, String csn)` Creates a new PrintWriter, without automatic line flushing, with the specified file and charset.
`PrintWriter(OutputStream out)` Creates a new PrintWriter, without automatic line flushing, from an existing OutputStream.
`PrintWriter(OutputStream out, boolean autoFlush)` Creates a new PrintWriter from an existing OutputStream.
`PrintWriter(String fileName)` Creates a new PrintWriter, without automatic line flushing, with the specified file name.
`PrintWriter(String fileName, String csn)` Creates a new PrintWriter, without automatic line flushing, with the specified file name and charset.
`PrintWriter(Writer out)` Creates a new PrintWriter, without automatic line flushing.
`PrintWriter(Writer out, boolean autoFlush)` Creates a new PrintWriter.

Method Summary

Methods
Modifier and Type	Method and Description
`PrintWriter`	`append(char c)` Appends the specified character to this writer.
`PrintWriter`	`append(CharSequence csq)` Appends the specified character sequence to this writer.
`PrintWriter`	`append(CharSequence csq, int start, int end)` Appends a subsequence of the specified character sequence to this writer.
`boolean`	`checkError()` Flushes the stream if it's not closed and checks its error state.
`protected void`	`clearError()` Clears the error state of this stream.
`void`	`close()` Closes the stream and releases any system resources associated with it.
`void`	`flush()` Flushes the stream.
`PrintWriter`	`format(Locale l, String format, Object... args)` Writes a formatted string to this writer using the specified format string and arguments.
`PrintWriter`	`format(String format, Object... args)` Writes a formatted string to this writer using the specified format string and arguments.
`void`	`print(boolean b)` Prints a boolean value.
`void`	`print(char c)` Prints a character.
`void`	`print(char[] s)` Prints an array of characters.
`void`	`print(double d)` Prints a double-precision floating-point number.
`void`	`print(float f)` Prints a floating-point number.
`void`	`print(int i)` Prints an integer.
`void`	`print(long l)` Prints a long integer.
`void`	`print(Object obj)` Prints an object.
`void`	`print(String s)` Prints a string.
`PrintWriter`	`printf(Locale l, String format, Object... args)` A convenience method to write a formatted string to this writer using the specified format string and arguments.
`PrintWriter`	`printf(String format, Object... args)` A convenience method to write a formatted string to this writer using the specified format string and arguments.
`void`	`println()` Terminates the current line by writing the line separator string.
`void`	`println(boolean x)` Prints a boolean value and then terminates the line.
`void`	`println(char x)` Prints a character and then terminates the line.
`void`	`println(char[] x)` Prints an array of characters and then terminates the line.
`void`	`println(double x)` Prints a double-precision floating-point number and then terminates the line.
`void`	`println(float x)` Prints a floating-point number and then terminates the line.
`void`	`println(int x)` Prints an integer and then terminates the line.
`void`	`println(long x)` Prints a long integer and then terminates the line.
`void`	`println(Object x)` Prints an Object and then terminates the line.
`void`	`println(String x)` Prints a String and then terminates the line.
`protected void`	`setError()` Indicates that an error has occurred.
`void`	`write(char[] buf)` Writes an array of characters.
`void`	`write(char[] buf, int off, int len)` Writes A Portion of an array of characters.
`void`	`write(int c)` Writes a single character.
`void`	`write(String s)` Writes a string.
`void`	`write(String s, int off, int len)` Writes a portion of a string.

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

- Field Detail
  - out
```
protected Writer out
```
    The underlying character-output stream of this PrintWriter.
    
    Since:
    
    1.2
- Constructor Detail
  - PrintWriter
```
public PrintWriter(Writer out)
```
    Creates a new PrintWriter, without automatic line flushing.
    
    Parameters:
    out - A character-output stream
  - PrintWriter
```
public PrintWriter(Writer out,
           boolean autoFlush)
```
    Creates a new PrintWriter.
    
    Parameters:
    out - A character-output stream
    autoFlush - A boolean; if true, the println, printf, or format methods will flush the output buffer
  - PrintWriter
```
public PrintWriter(OutputStream out)
```
    Creates a new PrintWriter, without automatic line flushing, from an existing OutputStream. This convenience constructor creates the necessary intermediate OutputStreamWriter, which will convert characters into bytes using the default character encoding.
    
    Parameters:
    out - An output stream
    See Also:
    OutputStreamWriter.OutputStreamWriter(java.io.OutputStream)
  - PrintWriter
```
public PrintWriter(OutputStream out,
           boolean autoFlush)
```
    Creates a new PrintWriter from an existing OutputStream. This convenience constructor creates the necessary intermediate OutputStreamWriter, which will convert characters into bytes using the default character encoding.
    
    Parameters:
    out - An output stream
    autoFlush - A boolean; if true, the println, printf, or format methods will flush the output buffer
    See Also:
    OutputStreamWriter.OutputStreamWriter(java.io.OutputStream)
  - PrintWriter
```
public PrintWriter(String fileName)
            throws FileNotFoundException
```
    Creates a new PrintWriter, without automatic line flushing, with the specified file name. This convenience constructor creates the necessary intermediate OutputStreamWriter, which will encode characters using the default charset for this instance of the Java virtual machine.
    
    Parameters:
    fileName - The name of the file to use as the destination of this writer. If the file exists then it will be truncated to zero size; otherwise, a new file will be created. The output will be written to the file and is buffered.
    
    Throws:
    
    FileNotFoundException - If the given string does not denote an existing, writable regular file and a new regular file of that name cannot be created, or if some other error occurs while opening or creating the file
    
    SecurityException - If a security manager is present and checkWrite(fileName) denies write access to the file
    Since:
    
    1.5
  - PrintWriter
```
public PrintWriter(String fileName,
           String csn)
            throws FileNotFoundException,
                   UnsupportedEncodingException
```
    Creates a new PrintWriter, without automatic line flushing, with the specified file name and charset. This convenience constructor creates the necessary intermediate OutputStreamWriter, which will encode characters using the provided charset.
    
    Parameters:
    fileName - The name of the file to use as the destination of this writer. If the file exists then it will be truncated to zero size; otherwise, a new file will be created. The output will be written to the file and is buffered.
    csn - The name of a supported charset
    
    Throws:
    
    FileNotFoundException - If the given string does not denote an existing, writable regular file and a new regular file of that name cannot be created, or if some other error occurs while opening or creating the file
    
    SecurityException - If a security manager is present and checkWrite(fileName) denies write access to the file
    
    UnsupportedEncodingException - If the named charset is not supported
    Since:
    
    1.5
  - PrintWriter
```
public PrintWriter(File file)
            throws FileNotFoundException
```
    Creates a new PrintWriter, without automatic line flushing, with the specified file. This convenience constructor creates the necessary intermediate OutputStreamWriter, which will encode characters using the default charset for this instance of the Java virtual machine.
    
    Parameters:
    file - The file to use as the destination of this writer. If the file exists then it will be truncated to zero size; otherwise, a new file will be created. The output will be written to the file and is buffered.
    
    Throws:
    
    FileNotFoundException - If the given file object does not denote an existing, writable regular file and a new regular file of that name cannot be created, or if some other error occurs while opening or creating the file
    
    SecurityException - If a security manager is present and checkWrite(file.getPath()) denies write access to the file
    Since:
    
    1.5
  - PrintWriter
```
public PrintWriter(File file,
           String csn)
            throws FileNotFoundException,
                   UnsupportedEncodingException
```
    Creates a new PrintWriter, without automatic line flushing, with the specified file and charset. This convenience constructor creates the necessary intermediate OutputStreamWriter, which will encode characters using the provided charset.
    
    Parameters:
    file - The file to use as the destination of this writer. If the file exists then it will be truncated to zero size; otherwise, a new file will be created. The output will be written to the file and is buffered.
    csn - The name of a supported charset
    
    Throws:
    
    FileNotFoundException - If the given file object does not denote an existing, writable regular file and a new regular file of that name cannot be created, or if some other error occurs while opening or creating the file
    
    SecurityException - If a security manager is present and checkWrite(file.getPath()) denies write access to the file
    
    UnsupportedEncodingException - If the named charset is not supported
    Since:
    
    1.5
- Method Detail
  - flush
```
public void flush()
```
    Flushes the stream.
    
    Specified by:
    
    flush in interface Flushable
    
    Specified by:
    
    flush in class Writer
    
    See Also:
    checkError()
  - close
```
public void close()
```
    Closes the stream and releases any system resources associated with it. Closing a previously closed stream has no effect.
    
    Specified by:
    
    close in interface Closeable
    
    Specified by:
    
    close in interface AutoCloseable
    
    Specified by:
    
    close in class Writer
    
    See Also:
    checkError()
  - checkError
```
public boolean checkError()
```
    Flushes the stream if it's not closed and checks its error state.
    
    Returns:
    true if the print stream has encountered an error, either on the underlying output stream or during a format conversion.
  - setError
```
protected void setError()
```
    Indicates that an error has occurred.
    This method will cause subsequent invocations of checkError() to return true until clearError() is invoked.
  - clearError
```
protected void clearError()
```
    Clears the error state of this stream.
    This method will cause subsequent invocations of checkError() to return false until another write operation fails and invokes setError().
    
    Since:
    
    1.6
  - write
```
public void write(int c)
```
    Writes a single character.
    
    Overrides:
    
    write in class Writer
    
    Parameters:
    c - int specifying a character to be written.
  - write
```
public void write(char[] buf,
         int off,
         int len)
```
    Writes A Portion of an array of characters.
    
    Specified by:
    
    write in class Writer
    
    Parameters:
    buf - Array of characters
    off - Offset from which to start writing characters
    len - Number of characters to write
  - write
```
public void write(char[] buf)
```
    Writes an array of characters. This method cannot be inherited from the Writer class because it must suppress I/O exceptions.
    
    Overrides:
    
    write in class Writer
    
    Parameters:
    buf - Array of characters to be written
  - write
```
public void write(String s,
         int off,
         int len)
```
    Writes a portion of a string.
    
    Overrides:
    
    write in class Writer
    
    Parameters:
    s - A String
    off - Offset from which to start writing characters
    len - Number of characters to write
  - write
```
public void write(String s)
```
    Writes a string. This method cannot be inherited from the Writer class because it must suppress I/O exceptions.
    
    Overrides:
    
    write in class Writer
    
    Parameters:
    s - String to be written
  - print
```
public void print(boolean b)
```
    Prints a boolean value. The string produced by String.valueOf(boolean) is translated into bytes according to the platform's default character encoding, and these bytes are written in exactly the manner of the write(int) method.
    
    Parameters:
    b - The boolean to be printed
  - print
```
public void print(char c)
```
    Prints a character. The character is translated into one or more bytes according to the platform's default character encoding, and these bytes are written in exactly the manner of the write(int) method.
    
    Parameters:
    c - The char to be printed
  - print
```
public void print(int i)
```
    Prints an integer. The string produced by String.valueOf(int) is translated into bytes according to the platform's default character encoding, and these bytes are written in exactly the manner of the write(int) method.
    
    Parameters:
    i - The int to be printed
    See Also:
    Integer.toString(int)
  - print
```
public void print(long l)
```
    Prints a long integer. The string produced by String.valueOf(long) is translated into bytes according to the platform's default character encoding, and these bytes are written in exactly the manner of the write(int) method.
    
    Parameters:
    l - The long to be printed
    See Also:
    Long.toString(long)
  - print
```
public void print(float f)
```
    Prints a floating-point number. The string produced by String.valueOf(float) is translated into bytes according to the platform's default character encoding, and these bytes are written in exactly the manner of the write(int) method.
    
    Parameters:
    f - The float to be printed
    See Also:
    Float.toString(float)
  - print
```
public void print(double d)
```
    Prints a double-precision floating-point number. The string produced by String.valueOf(double) is translated into bytes according to the platform's default character encoding, and these bytes are written in exactly the manner of the write(int) method.
    
    Parameters:
    d - The double to be printed
    See Also:
    Double.toString(double)
  - print
```
public void print(char[] s)
```
    Prints an array of characters. The characters are converted into bytes according to the platform's default character encoding, and these bytes are written in exactly the manner of the write(int) method.
    
    Parameters:
    s - The array of chars to be printed
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - If s is null
  - print
```
public void print(String s)
```
    Prints a string. If the argument is null then the string "null" is printed. Otherwise, the string's characters are converted into bytes according to the platform's default character encoding, and these bytes are written in exactly the manner of the write(int) method.
    
    Parameters:
    s - The String to be printed
  - print
```
public void print(Object obj)
```
    Prints an object. The string produced by the String.valueOf(Object) method is translated into bytes according to the platform's default character encoding, and these bytes are written in exactly the manner of the write(int) method.
    
    Parameters:
    obj - The Object to be printed
    See Also:
    Object.toString()
  - println
```
public void println()
```
    Terminates the current line by writing the line separator string. The line separator string is defined by the system property line.separator, and is not necessarily a single newline character ('\n').
  - println
```
public void println(boolean x)
```
    Prints a boolean value and then terminates the line. This method behaves as though it invokes print(boolean) and then println().
    
    Parameters:
    x - the boolean value to be printed
  - println
```
public void println(char x)
```
    Prints a character and then terminates the line. This method behaves as though it invokes print(char) and then println().
    
    Parameters:
    x - the char value to be printed
  - println
```
public void println(int x)
```
    Prints an integer and then terminates the line. This method behaves as though it invokes print(int) and then println().
    
    Parameters:
    x - the int value to be printed
  - println
```
public void println(long x)
```
    Prints a long integer and then terminates the line. This method behaves as though it invokes print(long) and then println().
    
    Parameters:
    x - the long value to be printed
  - println
```
public void println(float x)
```
    Prints a floating-point number and then terminates the line. This method behaves as though it invokes print(float) and then println().
    
    Parameters:
    x - the float value to be printed
  - println
```
public void println(double x)
```
    Prints a double-precision floating-point number and then terminates the line. This method behaves as though it invokes print(double) and then println().
    
    Parameters:
    x - the double value to be printed
  - println
```
public void println(char[] x)
```
    Prints an array of characters and then terminates the line. This method behaves as though it invokes print(char[]) and then println().
    
    Parameters:
    x - the array of char values to be printed
  - println
```
public void println(String x)
```
    Prints a String and then terminates the line. This method behaves as though it invokes print(String) and then println().
    
    Parameters:
    x - the String value to be printed
  - println
```
public void println(Object x)
```
    Prints an Object and then terminates the line. This method calls at first String.valueOf(x) to get the printed object's string value, then behaves as though it invokes print(String) and then println().
    
    Parameters:
    x - The Object to be printed.
  - printf
```
public PrintWriter printf(String format,
                 Object... args)
```
    A convenience method to write a formatted string to this writer using the specified format string and arguments. If automatic flushing is enabled, calls to this method will flush the output buffer.
    An invocation of this method of the form out.printf(format, args) behaves in exactly the same way as the invocation
```
     out.format(format, args) 
```
    Parameters:
    format - A format string as described in Format string syntax.
    args - Arguments referenced by the format specifiers in the format string. If there are more arguments than format specifiers, the extra arguments are ignored. The number of arguments is variable and may be zero. The maximum number of arguments is limited by the maximum dimension of a Java array as defined by the Java Virtual Machine Specification. The behaviour on a null argument depends on the conversion.
    
    Returns:
    This writer
    
    Throws:
    
    IllegalFormatException - If a format string contains an illegal syntax, a format specifier that is incompatible with the given arguments, insufficient arguments given the format string, or other illegal conditions. For specification of all possible formatting errors, see the Details section of the formatter class specification.
    
    NullPointerException - If the format is null
    Since:
    
    1.5
  - printf
```
public PrintWriter printf(Locale l,
                 String format,
                 Object... args)
```
    A convenience method to write a formatted string to this writer using the specified format string and arguments. If automatic flushing is enabled, calls to this method will flush the output buffer.
    An invocation of this method of the form out.printf(l, format, args) behaves in exactly the same way as the invocation
```
     out.format(l, format, args) 
```
    Parameters:
    l - The locale to apply during formatting. If l is null then no localization is applied.
    format - A format string as described in Format string syntax.
    args - Arguments referenced by the format specifiers in the format string. If there are more arguments than format specifiers, the extra arguments are ignored. The number of arguments is variable and may be zero. The maximum number of arguments is limited by the maximum dimension of a Java array as defined by the Java Virtual Machine Specification. The behaviour on a null argument depends on the conversion.
    
    Returns:
    This writer
    
    Throws:
    
    IllegalFormatException - If a format string contains an illegal syntax, a format specifier that is incompatible with the given arguments, insufficient arguments given the format string, or other illegal conditions. For specification of all possible formatting errors, see the Details section of the formatter class specification.
    
    NullPointerException - If the format is null
    Since:
    
    1.5
  - format
```
public PrintWriter format(String format,
                 Object... args)
```
    Writes a formatted string to this writer using the specified format string and arguments. If automatic flushing is enabled, calls to this method will flush the output buffer.
    The locale always used is the one returned by Locale.getDefault(), regardless of any previous invocations of other formatting methods on this object.
    
    Parameters:
    format - A format string as described in Format string syntax.
    args - Arguments referenced by the format specifiers in the format string. If there are more arguments than format specifiers, the extra arguments are ignored. The number of arguments is variable and may be zero. The maximum number of arguments is limited by the maximum dimension of a Java array as defined by the Java Virtual Machine Specification. The behaviour on a null argument depends on the conversion.
    
    Returns:
    This writer
    
    Throws:
    
    IllegalFormatException - If a format string contains an illegal syntax, a format specifier that is incompatible with the given arguments, insufficient arguments given the format string, or other illegal conditions. For specification of all possible formatting errors, see the Details section of the Formatter class specification.
    
    NullPointerException - If the format is null
    Since:
    
    1.5
  - format
```
public PrintWriter format(Locale l,
                 String format,
                 Object... args)
```
    Writes a formatted string to this writer using the specified format string and arguments. If automatic flushing is enabled, calls to this method will flush the output buffer.
    
    Parameters:
    l - The locale to apply during formatting. If l is null then no localization is applied.
    format - A format string as described in Format string syntax.
    args - Arguments referenced by the format specifiers in the format string. If there are more arguments than format specifiers, the extra arguments are ignored. The number of arguments is variable and may be zero. The maximum number of arguments is limited by the maximum dimension of a Java array as defined by the Java Virtual Machine Specification. The behaviour on a null argument depends on the conversion.
    
    Returns:
    This writer
    
    Throws:
    
    IllegalFormatException - If a format string contains an illegal syntax, a format specifier that is incompatible with the given arguments, insufficient arguments given the format string, or other illegal conditions. For specification of all possible formatting errors, see the Details section of the formatter class specification.
    
    NullPointerException - If the format is null
    Since:
    
    1.5
  - append
```
public PrintWriter append(CharSequence csq)
```
    Appends the specified character sequence to this writer.
    An invocation of this method of the form out.append(csq) behaves in exactly the same way as the invocation
```
     out.write(csq.toString()) 
```
    Depending on the specification of toString for the character sequence csq, the entire sequence may not be appended. For instance, invoking the toString method of a character buffer will return a subsequence whose content depends upon the buffer's position and limit.
    Specified by:
    
    append in interface Appendable
    
    Overrides:
    
    append in class Writer
    
    Parameters:
    csq - The character sequence to append. If csq is null, then the four characters "null" are appended to this writer.
    
    Returns:
    This writer
    Since:
    
    1.5
  - append
```
public PrintWriter append(CharSequence csq,
                 int start,
                 int end)
```
    Appends a subsequence of the specified character sequence to this writer.
    An invocation of this method of the form out.append(csq, start, end) when csq is not null, behaves in exactly the same way as the invocation
```
     out.write(csq.subSequence(start, end).toString()) 
```
    Specified by:
    
    append in interface Appendable
    
    Overrides:
    
    append in class Writer
    
    Parameters:
    csq - The character sequence from which a subsequence will be appended. If csq is null, then characters will be appended as if csq contained the four characters "null".
    start - The index of the first character in the subsequence
    end - The index of the character following the last character in the subsequence
    
    Returns:
    This writer
    
    Throws:
    
    IndexOutOfBoundsException - If start or end are negative, start is greater than end, or end is greater than csq.length()
    Since:
    
    1.5
  - append
```
public PrintWriter append(char c)
```
    Appends the specified character to this writer.
    An invocation of this method of the form out.append(c) behaves in exactly the same way as the invocation
```
     out.write(c) 
```
    Specified by:
    
    append in interface Appendable
    
    Overrides:
    
    append in class Writer
    
    Parameters:
    c - The 16-bit character to append
    
    Returns:
    This writer
    Since:
    
    1.5

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DRAFT ea-b138

Class PrintWriter

Field Summary

Fields inherited from class java.io.Writer

Constructor Summary

Method Summary

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

Field Detail

out

Constructor Detail

PrintWriter

PrintWriter

PrintWriter

PrintWriter

PrintWriter

PrintWriter

PrintWriter

PrintWriter

Method Detail

flush

close

checkError

setError

clearError

write

write

write

write

write

print

print

print

print

print

print

print

print

print

println

println

println

println

println

println

println

println

println

println

printf

printf

format

format

append

append

append